2018 年 11 月 17 日,
法國巴黎爆發十多年來最嚴重市區抗爭暴動,
名為「黃背心運動」(Yellow vests movement)
(法文:Gilets jaunes),
抗議運動後來蔓延至歐洲及全球多個國家。
事源法國總統馬克龍對氣候變化高度關注,
鼓勵民眾購買電動車等環保交通工具,
並宣佈 2019 年提高燃油稅,
減少對化石燃料的依賴,
起初,示威者因不滿油價持續上升
及政府調高燃油稅,發起上街抗議。
但訴求迅速擴大至其他階層,
如中產階級抗議在經濟不景氣下,
政府仍然加重稅,減弱人民購買力,
而油價一直上漲,
亦令依賴汽車代步的中產階級憤怒,
開始示威要求法國總統馬克龍下台。
多個反對派領袖,
包括︰瑪琳‧勒龐(Marine Le Pen)、
梅朗雄(Jean-Luc Mélenchon)、
洛朗‧弗基耶(Laurent Wauquiez)
和拉薩勒(Jean Lassalle)等,
都表態支持黃背心運動。
新聞片段:
I'm standing at the bottom now of the Champs-Élysées.
我現在站在香榭麗舍大道的末端,
The protestors managed to push their way,
all the way down the avenue.
示威者成功地推進到大道去,
You can see some of them are crowded behind me.
你可以看到有群眾在我身後,
And a group actually just broke off
and they've decided to head to the Assemblee Nationale .
有人甚至決定分道遊行到國民議會去。
You can probably see some of
the motorbikes leaving me now.
你可以見到有摩托車正在駛離我,
They are Gilets Jaunes
"Yellow Vest" wearing motorbikes.
他們是「黃背心」摩托車,
They are protestors as well.
他們亦是示威者,
And they are on their way to the Assemblee Nationale,
which is France's lower house of parliament.
正前往國民議會,即法國議會的下議院。
Now the original plan was actually to
head to the Élysée Palace, the Presidential Palace.
遊行原先預定會到達艾麗榭宮,即總統官邸,
But the police are not going to
let protestors anywhere near that place.
但警方不讓示威者到達官邸附近任何地方。
So now many of them are heading about a kilometer
towards the River Seine towards the Assemblee Nationale,
France's lower house of parliament.
所以很多人正向大約一公里遠的塞納河前進,
前往國民議會,即下議院。
Claire, as we heard in that report,
these protests aren't just about fuel, are they?
Claire,從報道中我們知道,
示威不單是關於燃油,對嗎?
What are the other grievances?
他們還有甚麼不滿?
Well, certainly, a word I've hearing
a lot today from speaking to protestors is "Ras-le-bol"
是的,有一個字在我與示威者交談時常聽到的,
就是「忍無可忍」(法語),
In English, it basically means "fed up".
英文就是「忍無可忍」。
The protestors say they are fed up with
the whole raft of different reforms that have come
through from Emmanuel Macron and his government.
示威者稱他們對總統馬克龍和他政府,
所推行的一輪改革忍無可忍。
And that's something they really are frustrated with.
他們對改革非常不滿。
What we keep hearing is that people seem to
feel that Emmanuel Macron's government favors French people
who are better-off and is squeezing out
French people who are less well-off.
我們常常聽到示威者表示,
馬克龍政府偏袒富裕人士,
卻壓擠不太富裕的人。
Now that, of course, refers a lot to
Emmanuel Macron's tax breaks that he has given to businesses.
當然,那是指馬克龍給予商界減稅措施,
Emmanuel Macron, of course,
defends the tax breaks that he has given to businesses
because he says for the economy to get going,
for jobs to be created, people to get working
and earning money again, he's got to help out businesses.
馬克龍辯稱給商界減稅,是要令經濟繼續發展,
創造就業機會,令人民就業及有收入,
所以他必須要幫助商界。
Of course, for the people here today
the trigger was those high prices of fuel.
當然,對於今日來到這裡的人,
高昂的燃油價格是引發點。
People who need to drive their cars are
frustrated with the high prices of fuel.
駕車人士對於高油價感到惱怒,
But really, there's a raft of other reasons.
"Ras-le bol" as I've said, "Fed up".
事實上亦有其他原因,
正如我所說,是「忍無可忍」。
French people here today are fed up.
今日法國人已經忍無可忍,
And as we heard in that report as well,
they do enjoy quite a lot of support from the French public.
而從該報道中我們亦聽聞到,
法國人民都十分支持他們。
That said, here in Paris, the numbers of the protests
we've seen have been relatively small.
話雖如此,在巴黎這邊,
我們見到的遊行人數卻相對較少。
I did speak to a group of Parisian ladies a little earlier.
早前我與一些巴黎女士談過,
And they said to me they were a bit disappointed
and they said that the thing is Parisians don't necessarily
feel the effects of high fuel prices because many Parisians
simply don't own cars or don‘t drive very much.
她們說感到有點失望,
她們說巴黎居民不一定受到高油價影響,
因為很多巴黎人根本沒有車輛或甚少開車。
They take the Métro and so that's why here in Paris
we are not seeing huge, huge crowds like
we are seeing in other parts of the country.
他們乘搭地鐵,
所以巴黎沒有像其他地方出現大批示威群眾。
2018 年 11 月 17 日,首輪抗議有 30 萬人參加,
示威者身穿螢光黃背心,搭建路障,
阻塞道路及十處燃油庫,
暴力情況越演越烈,令法國當局措手不及。
蒙面年輕人聯群結隊在巴黎市中心街道大肆滋事,
有人手持金屬棒和斧頭,
縱火焚燒十多輛車及數座建築物,
造成嚴重破壞,
政府需出動 200 名工人協助清理和修復,
官方估計,巴黎示威共造成 150 萬歐元財產損失。
截至 11 月 21 日,巴黎警方表示,
共 585 名平民受傷,其中 16 人重傷,412 人被捕,
其中 378 人被拘留,
警方則有 115 名受傷,其中 3 人重傷。
此外,法國海外省留尼旺大區(La Réunion)
亦發生示威,演變成搶劫和騷亂。
示威者築起障礙後,島上學校關閉了三天。
11 月 21 日,馬克龍總統下令派遣軍隊平息暴亂。
11 月 24 日,內政部同意民眾在戰神廣場
(Champ-de-Mars)聚集,
當日全國共 10.6 萬名民眾參與示威,
其中巴黎有 8,000 多人。
隨後,抗議演變成暴力活動,
示威者在街上放火、拆毀路牌、
搭起路障、撬開路旁鵝卵石,
警方施放催淚彈和水炮驅散。
新聞片段:
Clashes erupted between police and some yellow vests.
警察與部分黃背心示威者發生衝突,
Authorities used water cannons and
tear gas for several hours,
in order to counter the most radical protesters.
當局使用了水炮及催淚彈幾小時,
以抵抗最激進的示威者。
While many regret these incidents,
others believe these methods are
the only way to be heard by the government.
雖然很多人對事件表示遺憾,
但亦有人相信這是唯一令政府聽取民意的辦法。
Honestly, what're they doing?
坦白說,他們在幹甚麼?
There are certainly some rioters,
but we are not responsible for that.
當然有些是暴徒,但我們不是肇事者,
We're just here to be heard.
我們只是來表達訴求。
The problem in France is we don't have a choice.
法國的問題是我們沒有選擇權,
If we want something, we need to fight for it.
They don't listen anymore.
若我們有訴求,便要為此而抗爭,
他們都不再聽取民意。
Emmanuel Macron was the main target of the thousands
of yellow vests gathered this Saturday.
總統馬克龍是數千名黃背心示威者
於星期六聚集的主要目標,
But apart from the President,
the whole French political class
is criticized by the demonstrators.
但除了總統,
整個法國的政治階層亦受到示威者批評。
I am demonstrating because
it is not possible anymore.
我來到示威因為已經受不了。
I'm retired and we can't make ends meet.
我已退休,但無法維持生計。
I don't understand why the members of
parliament have all these privileges.
我不明白為何議會成員擁有特權,
We don't diminish their salary.
我們都沒有削減他們的薪酬。
What started off as a movement against taxes
on fuel morphed into a larger gathering against
other types of tax as well as to denounce
the cost of living in France and social inequalities.
本來是反燃油稅的運動演進到大型的聚集反對其他稅項,
並譴責法國的生活費用及社會不平等問題。
But without the central structure nor official representatives,
the yellow vests seem divided over what to do next.
但由於沒有中央組織或官方代表,
黃背心示威者似乎對之後的行動意見不一。
The yellow vests we met this Saturday say they will come back
to protest in Paris as long as their claims are not taken seriously
by the government.
我們星期六遇到的黃背心示威者表示,
若他們的訴求不被政府重視,他們會再到巴黎示威。
12 月 1 日,
法國示威者展開第三輪要求馬克龍辭職的抗議,
示威者佔據南特亞特蘭提科機場
(Nantes Atlantique Airport)跑道,
阻止人進入尼斯藍色海岸機場,
全國 20 多條主幹道收費站被封鎖,
巴黎有一百多輛車被焚燒、凱旋門遭到破壞。
巴黎市長安娜‧伊達戈宣佈︰
估計暴動造成的財產損失已高達 300 至 400 萬歐元。
新聞片段:
We have our arms in the air,
and you‘re gassing us! You‘re gassing us!
我們舉高雙手,
你卻施放催淚彈!你施放催淚彈!
One of the world‘s oldest democracies is engulfed by rage.
世上最古老的民主國家之一陷入憤怒之中。
[French national anthem]
―They come right into our arms
[法國國歌]
他們來到我們跟前,
to cut the throats of our sons, our comrades.
殘殺我們的孩子和同伴。
Thousands of protesters from every corner of the country
flooded the streets of Paris for the fourth weekend in a row.
來自全國各地的數千名示威者,
連續第四個週末湧向巴黎街頭,
Law enforcement doesn‘t want us to pass
through the Place de I ‗Etoile.
執法部門不希望我們越過貝魯特。
We witnessed the unrest, transform the city.
我們目睹了動盪,改造了這座城市。
[French national anthem] Form your battalions!
[法國國歌]
列好隊伍!
Let us march! Let us march!
進軍,進軍!
The ―Gilet Jaunes‖ or ―Yellow Vests‖ movement
started last month,
when working-class people from the countryside
rose up in response to a fuel tax increase.
「黃背心」運動從上個月開始,
來自農村的工人階級不滿燃油稅增加而奮起反抗。
President Emmanuel Macron announced he‘d repeal the tax.
But it‘s too late.
總統馬克龍宣布將廢除稅收,但為時已晚。
The protests have already morphed into a broader rebellion,
now taking aim at him.
示威已演變成更大範圍的叛亂,現在正對準他。
Macron, give us back our liberty!
馬克龍,把自由還給我們!
It‘s a totalitarian country.
這是一個極權主義國家。
Resign, Macron! Resign!
辭職,馬克龍!辭職!
Some protesters did come to fight, hurling stones,
torching cars, smashing windows.
有示威者確實來參加戰鬥,
投擲石塊,焚燒汽車,砸碎窗戶。
At least 2,000 were arrested nationwide.
全國至少有 2 千人被捕。
On the morning of the protest,
Paris felt like it was on a lockdown –monuments,
shops and subways were shut.
在示威那天早上,巴黎感覺就像被封鎖了,
紀念碑、商店和地鐵都關閉了,
At least 8,000 police and security officers were deployed.
至少八千名警察和保安人員戒備。
It‘s not certain who Macron should
be listening to and negotiating with.
目前還不確定馬克龍應該聽取誰的意見、與誰談判。
Resign, Macron! 辭職,馬克龍!
As the day wore on, the protests were co-opted
by more extreme rioters.
隨著時間推移,示威吸引了更極端的暴徒,
Police confronted them with tear gas and stun grenades.
警方向群眾施放催淚彈和閃光彈。
While demonstrations may dissipate in the coming weeks,
the shared anger of the protesters will remain.
雖然示威活動可能在未來幾週內消散,
但示威者的憤怒情緒仍將存在。
Where that anger will lead France and
how all this will end, is uncertain.
這種憤怒將把法國引向何方,
事件將如何結束,目前還不得而知。
12 月 2 日,法國內政部長卡斯塔納表示,
一些暴力分子正利用黃背心運動推翻國家,
隨後,法國總理愛德華‧菲臘宣佈,
將暫緩調高燃油稅,同時凍結電費及天然氣價格。
12 月 5 日,
馬克龍決定徹底取消 2019 年上漲燃油稅的計劃。
12 月 8 日,示威者展開第四輪抗議,
騷亂更破壞了法國里昂和聖但尼的宗教節日 ——
燈光節(Fête des lumières),
以往每年由 12 月 8 日開始,
里昂的居民都會在窗外擺放燃點著的蠟燭,
但通往里昂北部,
A6 高速公路的索恩河畔自由城(Villefranche-sur-Saône)
路段再次被攔截,
許多店鋪封閉門面,避免遭到暴力損壞。
此外,羅浮宮、艾菲爾鐵塔和巴黎歌劇院亦關門,
警方在愛麗舍宮附近佈置鋼鐵圍欄,
派遣裝甲車上街控制暴亂。
事實上,除了法國發生暴動之外,
抗議運動亦蔓延至歐洲及全球多國。
意大利民眾仿效黃背心發起親政府運動,
有組織者表示:
「我們受到法國黃背心運動的啟發,
不過我們是因為其他問題而站出來,
我們的抗議是反對歐洲,
希望歐洲不再干涉意大利的政治。」
11 月 30 日,比利時布魯塞爾發生示威,
警察被扔桌球及鵝卵石,要以水槍還擊,
共 60 人因擾亂公眾秩序被逮捕,
隨後 12 月 8 日,
示威者呼籲首相夏爾‧米歇爾辭職,
示威者衝破防暴路障後,被警方以催淚彈和水炮驅散,
示威者再投擲石頭及照明彈等物件,
當中約 100 人被捕。
12 月 1 日,荷蘭多個城市爆發小型黃背心示威。
12 月 9 日,塞爾維亞民權組織「頭頂聯合行動」
(Združena akcija Krov nad glavom),組織黃背心示威,
抗議驅逐貝爾格萊德米蒂耶沃區(Mirijevo)的居民,
極右翼政黨德弗利(Dveri)黨
魁博斯科‧奧布拉多維奇(Boško Obradović),
上街抗議油價高企。
12 月 12 日,波蘭農民身穿黃背心,
在距首都華沙 30 公里處的 A2 高速公路示威,
維持了 8 小時,
要求賠償非洲豬瘟病毒及強制為
農產品貼上原產地旗幟標籤帶來的損失。
事實上,黃背心運動影響下,
英國、瑞典、希臘、伊拉克、以色列、
約旦首都安曼、突尼西亞,相繼爆發示威。
加拿大阿爾伯塔省和薩斯喀徹溫省,
亦有示威反對政府徵收碳稅及
最近簽署的聯合國移民協定等問題。
歐洲自 2008 年國際金融危機後,
多國爆發主權債務問題,經濟陷入停滯,
經過 10 年調整才走出陰影,回復經濟增長。
不過,歐盟勞動市場仍然面對嚴峻挑戰,
今年的失業人口約 1,700 萬人,
基層民眾無法感受到經濟增長帶來的好處。
在這種情況下,加稅代表生活成本增加,
大批不滿意收入、
失業及家庭生活有困難的民眾加入抗議,
支持黃背心運動,大大小小的示威及暴動,
造成多個城市重大破壞和損失,人性走向兩極化。
單單法國一個國家,已造成 7 人死亡,
全歐洲有一千多名平民及二百多名警察受傷,
數千人被捕。
然而,早在九年前,
日華牧師已透過「2012 榮耀盼望」信息,
預告全球將會爆發人性兩極化的示威及暴動,
造成社會玉石俱焚、兩敗俱傷的局面,
甚至,人性兩極化的現象將會沒完沒了、
越演越烈,蔓延全球!
Ref:錫安日報 2012 榮耀盼望 vol. 463 (20181223)
https://www.ziondaily.com/2.0/web/word_of_god_02c/view.php?id=16788
沒有留言:
張貼留言